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Admiralty Brass Tubes (C44300 / CZ111)
Product Overview
Admiralty Brass Tubes offered by R V Metal Corporation are high-performance copper-zinc-tin alloy tubes specifically developed for condenser, heat exchanger, and marine cooling applications where resistance to corrosion, dezincification, and fouling is critical. Manufactured using controlled metallurgy and precision tube-drawing processes, these tubes provide excellent thermal conductivity combined with superior resistance to seawater, brackish water, and mildly corrosive industrial fluids. Admiralty Brass Tubes are widely trusted in power plants, shipbuilding, desalination units, refineries, and HVAC condenser systems, delivering long service life, reliable heat transfer, and consistent dimensional accuracy in demanding operating environments.
Technical Specifications
| Technical Specification – Admiralty Brass Tubes | |
|---|---|
| Product | Admiralty Brass Tubes |
| Material Grade | Admiralty Brass (Cu-Zn-Sn Alloy) |
| Typical Composition | Copper ~70%, Zinc ~29%, Tin ~1% (with trace arsenic) |
| UNS Designation | C44300 / C44400 |
| Standard Specifications | ASTM B111, ASTM B395, EN 12451, BS 2871, JIS H3300 |
| Manufacturing Process | Seamless, Cold Drawn / Annealed |
| Form Supplied | Straight Lengths, U-Bends, Custom Cut Lengths |
| Outside Diameter Range | 6.00 mm to 127.00 mm (or equivalent inches) |
| Wall Thickness Range | 0.70 mm to 3.00 mm (custom thickness available) |
| Length | Standard 3 m, 5 m, 6 m; Custom lengths on request |
| Temper Condition | Annealed (O), Half-Hard (H) |
| Surface Finish | Smooth, Clean, Oil-Free, Internally Bright |
| Thermal Conductivity | High – Suitable for Efficient Heat Transfer Applications |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent resistance to seawater, brackish water, and biofouling |
| Pressure Rating | As per ASTM B111 / EN standards based on OD & wall thickness |
| Testing & Inspection | Eddy Current Test, Hydrostatic Test, Dimensional Inspection |
| Certification | Mill Test Certificate (EN 10204 3.1) provided with supply |
| Typical Applications | Condensers, Heat Exchangers, Power Plants, Marine Cooling Systems |
Chemical Composition
| Chemical Composition of Admiralty Brass Tubes | ||
|---|---|---|
| Element | Symbol | Composition (%) |
| Copper | Cu | 68.5 – 71.5 |
| Zinc | Zn | Balance |
| Tin | Sn | 0.90 – 1.20 |
| Arsenic | As | 0.02 – 0.06 |
| Iron | Fe | ≤ 0.06 |
| Lead | Pb | ≤ 0.05 |
| Nickel | Ni | ≤ 0.50 |
| Impurities (Total) | — | ≤ 0.30 |
UNS Codes & Grades
| UNS Codes & Grades of Admiralty Brass Tubes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNS Code | Common Grade Name | Standard Designation | Typical Composition | Key Characteristics |
| C44300 | Admiralty Brass (Arsenical) | ASTM B111 / ASTM B395 | Cu 70%, Zn balance, Sn ~1%, As ~0.04% | Excellent resistance to dezincification, widely used in condensers and heat exchangers |
| C44400 | Admiralty Brass (Enhanced As) | ASTM B111 / ASTM B395 | Cu ~70%, Zn balance, Sn ~1%, As higher controlled | Improved corrosion resistance in polluted or high-velocity seawater |
| C44500 | Admiralty Brass – Special | ASTM B111 (Special Order) | Cu–Zn–Sn–As alloy (controlled chemistry) | Custom-engineered for severe marine and condenser duties |
| C68700 | Aluminum Admiralty Brass | ASTM B111 | Cu ~76%, Zn balance, Al ~2% | Higher strength and erosion-corrosion resistance than standard Admiralty Brass |
| C70600 | 90/10 Copper Nickel (Alt. Option) | ASTM B111 | Cu 90%, Ni 10% | Often specified as an upgrade where Admiralty Brass is insufficient |
Mechanical, Physical & Fabrication Properties
| Mechanical, Physical & Fabrication Properties of Admiralty Brass Tubes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Property | Typical Value | Unit | Remarks / Engineering Relevance |
| Tensile Strength | 315 – 440 | MPa | Balanced strength suitable for condenser and heat exchanger tubing |
| Yield Strength (0.2%) | 125 – 170 | MPa | Ensures dimensional stability under operating pressure |
| Elongation | 25 – 35 | % | Good ductility for tube expansion and rolling |
| Hardness | 65 – 90 | HB | Soft enough for fabrication, hard enough to resist erosion |
| Density | 8.5 | g/cm³ | Used for accurate weight and load calculations |
| Melting Range | 900 – 940 | °C | Relevant for brazing and thermal processing |
| Thermal Conductivity | 120 – 130 | W/m·K | Efficient heat transfer in condensers and coolers |
| Electrical Conductivity | 26 – 28 | % IACS | Not intended for power conduction; listed for reference only |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | — | Arsenic addition prevents dezincification in seawater |
| Erosion Resistance | Good | — | Handles moderate seawater velocities without impingement attack |
| Formability | Excellent | — | Cold drawing, bending, and expansion-friendly |
| Machinability | Good | — | Clean cutting with standard tooling |
| Weldability / Brazability | Good | — | Brazing preferred over fusion welding for leak-free joints |
| Tube Expandability | Excellent | — | Critical for tube-to-tube-sheet joints in condensers |
Common Names & International Identifiers
| Common Names & International Identifiers of Admiralty Brass Tubes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Identifier / Name | Standard / Region | Remarks / Usage Context |
| Common Trade Name | Admiralty Brass | Global | Standard condenser and heat exchanger brass alloy |
| Alternate Trade Name | Arsenical Brass | Global | Refers to arsenic addition for dezincification resistance |
| UNS Designation | C44300 | UNS / ASTM | Most widely specified grade for admiralty brass tubes |
| ASTM Grade | ASTM B111 C44300 | USA | Standard for seamless condenser and heat exchanger tubes |
| EN / DIN Equivalent | CuZn28Sn1As | EN / DIN (Europe) | European equivalent with tin and arsenic additions |
| BS Equivalent | Admiralty Brass to BS 2871 | United Kingdom | Traditional British specification for condenser tubes |
| IS Standard | IS 292 | India | Indian standard for admiralty brass tubes and pipes |
| JIS Equivalent | C4431 | Japan | Used in marine and power plant heat exchangers |
| ISO Designation | CuZn28Sn1As | ISO | Aligned with EN composition-based designation |
| Marine / OEM Reference | Condenser Brass Tube | Global OEM Terminology | Generic name used in power, marine, and desalination projects |
| Legacy Name | Naval Brass (Admiralty Type) | Historical / Legacy | Older terminology still seen in naval documentation |
Standards & International Equivalents
| Standards & International Equivalents of Admiralty Brass Tubes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Body | Standard Number | Grade / Designation | Country / Region | Application / Notes |
| ASTM | ASTM B111 / B111M | C44300 | USA | Primary global standard for seamless condenser and heat exchanger tubes |
| ASTM | ASTM B395 | C44300 | USA | Covers straight lengths and U-bend tubes for heat exchangers |
| EN | EN 12451 | CuZn28Sn1As | Europe | Wrought copper and copper alloy seamless tubes |
| DIN | DIN 17660 | CuZn28Sn1As | Germany | Equivalent German specification for admiralty brass |
| BS | BS 2871 Part 3 | CZ111 | United Kingdom | Traditional British condenser tube standard |
| IS | IS 292 | Admiralty Brass | India | Indian standard for brass tubes used in condensers |
| JIS | JIS H3300 | C4431 | Japan | Used in marine, thermal and power plant heat exchangers |
| ISO | ISO 274 | CuZn28Sn1As | International | International reference for seamless copper alloy tubes |
| ASME | SB-111 | C44300 | Global (Pressure Equipment) | ASME adoption of ASTM B111 for boilers and pressure vessels |
| NACE | MR0175 (Referenced) | Copper Alloys | Oil & Gas | Used for material compatibility in corrosive environments |
| Naval / Marine | DEF STAN / Naval Specs | Admiralty Brass | Defense / Marine | Specified for seawater condensers and shipboard systems |
Applications
| Applications of Admiralty Brass Tubes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Industry / Sector | Application Area | Operating Medium | Why Admiralty Brass is Used |
| Marine Engineering | Seawater Condensers | Seawater | Excellent resistance to dezincification and corrosion in saline environments due to arsenic addition |
| Power Plants | Steam Condensers | Cooling Water / Seawater | High thermal conductivity and long service life under continuous heat cycling |
| Oil & Gas | Heat Exchangers | Cooling Water, Brackish Water | Good resistance to erosion-corrosion and fouling in aggressive cooling systems |
| Petrochemical | Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers | Process Fluids | Stable mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and pressures |
| Shipbuilding | Evaporators & Oil Coolers | Seawater / Lubricating Oil | Proven marine-grade alloy with predictable performance |
| Desalination Plants | Condensers & Heat Recovery Units | Seawater / Brine | Superior resistance to chloride-induced corrosion |
| HVAC (Industrial) | Large Chiller Condensers | Cooling Water | High heat transfer efficiency with good durability |
| Fertilizer & Chemical Plants | Cooling & Heat Transfer Systems | Chemical Cooling Media | Resists stress corrosion cracking better than standard brass |
| Defense & Naval | Shipboard Condensers | Seawater | Meets stringent naval and defense material specifications |
| Thermal Power Utilities | Surface Condensers | Fresh / Sea Water | Long operational life with minimal maintenance |
Standard Admiralty Brass Tubes Dimensional Chart
| Admiralty Brass Tubes – Standard Dimensional & Theoretical Weight Chart | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal Size (Inches) |
Outside Diameter (mm) |
Wall Thickness (mm) |
Inside Diameter (mm) |
Standard Length (m) |
Theoretical Weight (kg/m) |
Typical Use |
| 1/2" | 12.70 | 1.24 | 10.22 | 6 / 12 | 0.39 | Condensers, Heat Exchangers |
| 5/8" | 15.88 | 1.24 | 13.40 | 6 / 12 | 0.50 | Marine Cooling Systems |
| 3/4" | 19.05 | 1.24 | 16.57 | 6 / 12 | 0.61 | Oil Coolers |
| 7/8" | 22.23 | 1.65 | 18.93 | 6 / 12 | 0.92 | Power Plant Condensers |
| 1" | 25.40 | 1.65 | 22.10 | 6 / 12 | 1.06 | Surface Condensers |
| 1 1/4" | 31.75 | 2.11 | 27.53 | 6 / 12 | 1.73 | Seawater Heat Exchangers |
| 1 1/2" | 38.10 | 2.11 | 33.88 | 6 / 12 | 2.12 | Marine & Power Utility |
| 2" | 50.80 | 2.77 | 45.26 | 6 / 12 | 3.64 | Large Condenser Bundles |
Technician-Grade Notes (Critical for Design, Installation & Procurement)
- Theoretical weights are calculated using a nominal density of Admiralty Brass ≈ 8.5 g/cm³ and are intended for estimation purposes only.
- Actual supplied weight may vary by ±5% due to manufacturing tolerances permitted under applicable standards such as ASTM B111 / BS 2871.
- Wall thickness selection is critical and must be based on operating pressure, seawater velocity, chloride concentration, temperature, and erosion-corrosion allowance.
- Undersized or thinner-than-specified tubes may result in premature failure, leakage, or rapid erosion in marine and condenser applications.
- Substitution of grades or dimensions without engineering approval is not recommended and may void system warranties or inspection approvals.
- For critical services, material test certificates (MTC), chemical analysis, and dimensional inspection reports should be verified before installation.
